Ongoing project, 2024-

Collaborators: Yanting Li, University of California, Irvine; Billy Gao (undergrad student researcher), Stanford University

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In everyday conversations, bilingual individuals frequently employ code-switching – the practice of alternating between two languages within or between sentences.  This phenomenon is influenced by various linguistic and sociocultural factors, including surprisal, the cultural identities of both the speaker and the listener, and the speaker’s language experience. Using language models, this study examines the key role word predictability plays in driving code-switching in spoken discourse. ​

Ongoing project, 2024-

Collaborator: Rob Podesva, Stanford University

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The primary goal of this project is to investigate how individuals generate lexico-semantic prediction in language comprehension using Event-Related Potential measures and to explore the modulatory effects of cross-linguistic influence on these predictions in bilingual processing. The study focuses on the N400 effect of semantic

predictions in monolingual and bilingual speakers, establishing a foundation for future inquiries into bilingualism. The long-term objective of the research is to examine the impact of sociocultural factors, such as language experience and ethnic identity, on bilingual language processing through an integrated psycholinguistic and

sociolinguistic approach.

 

This project is supported by a Human Neuroscience Pilot Grant by the Koret Human Neurosciences Community Lab at Stanford’s Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute.​

Ph.D. Dissertation Project (Completed, 2020-2023)
Dissertation committee: Shoichi Iwasaki (Chair) and Judith F. Kroll (Co-chair), 

Ji Young Kim, Sung-ock Sohn, Hongyin Tao

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Research has pointed out that one bilingual does not equal two monolinguals. However, do bilinguals who speak the same two languages the same? Using code-switching as a lens of investigation, my dissertation project examines three groups of Cantonese-English bilinguals who differ from each other in terms of language experience and cultural identity. Adopting an integrated psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic approach, this study reveals how linguistic factors, cultural identity, cognitive control, and language experience interact with one another in bilingual processing. This project is supported by an Mellon/ACLS Dissertation Completion Fellowship and a National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Award (BCS-2042479).

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For interim findings, please refer to my invited talk at UC Irvine, Chan (2020, 2021a, 2021b), and Chan, Iwasaki, and Kroll (2021, 2022a, 2022b).

Ongoing project, 2020-
Collaborators: Andrew Cheng (University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa), Judith Kroll (University of California, Irvine), Gregory Scontras (University of California, Irvine) 

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An upsurge of research in the past decade has examined the cognitive mechanisms that enable bilingual speakers to code-switch to recognize speech in multiple languages and accents and to navigate the landscape of linguistic and cultural contexts.  A focus in contemporary research is to understand how variation in experience and interactional context influences these processes. But variation has been conceptualized differently in psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic research. Psycholinguistic research has approached language experience as either a categorical or quantifiable variable (e.g. LEAP-Q questionnaire language entropy). In sociolinguistics variability has been treated as a function of speakers’ sociocultural context and language experience is often analyzed qualitatively (e.g. deep ethnography discourse/Conversation analysis). We propose a new framework to begin to bring together these two approaches to variation.  We do so by focusing on the experience of heritage speakers who are difficult to classify according to “traditional” models of bilingualism but provide a unique lens for an analysis that includes language and cultural experience.

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For interim findings, please refer to Kroll, Chan, Cheng, and Scontras (2022) and Chan, Cheng, Kroll, and Scontras (2021).

Ongoing project, 2021-

 

Collaborators: Shoichi Iwasaki (UCLA) (Principal Investigator), Kazuyo Murata, (Ryukoko University)(Co-Principal Investigator)

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This research project asks the questions of "what" and “how" younger adults around the world narrate the COVID-19 pandemic in the midst of a disaster. Using multiple approaches from interaction studies (corpus linguistics, narrative inquiry, conversation analysis, discourse analysis, interactional linguistics, and functional linguistics), this multidisciplinary project employs both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Focusing on the generation of digital natives, we collect 180 sets of conversational data on the topic of COVID-19 pandemic from 30 unacquainted pairs of native speakers in each of the 6 different languages (Cantonese, English, Japanese, Korean, Mandarin Chinese, and Thai) on Zoom. Through comparative study, we examine both the general patterns, cultural, and linguistic differences considering the pandemic narratives across different languages.

Completed, 2017-2020

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Classifiers are an important grammatical resource for Cantonese as in many other Asian languages. In normal circumstances, they occur with semantically congruent class of nouns (e.g., ‘dogs’ occur with an animal classifier zek3.)   In this study, I examined non-canonical use of animal classifiers in conversational context which are employed to encode derogatory attitude toward someone the speaker takes issue with by adopting the framework of Du Bois’ ‘Stance Triangle’ (2007). The data I analyzed come from A Linguistic Corpus of Mid-20th Century Hong Kong Cantonese (Chin, 2015), an online movie corpus based on 21 movies produced from 1952 to 1966.

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For findings, please refer to Chan (2019) and Chan (2022) in Text and Talk.

Collaborator: Naomi Nagy (University of Toronto) (Principal Investigator)

Completed, 2014-2017

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This project is part of the larger project titled Heritage Language Variation and Change (PI: Naomi Nagy). In this project, we investigated the syntactic influence that three generations of Cantonese heritage speakers experience in the Greater Toronto Area. Specifically, we examined their use of comparative constructions (e.g. John is taller than Sam) and sortal classifiers (e.g. tiu4, classifier for fish). To learn more, please refer to our presentations at the 15th Workshop on Cantonese (Chan & Nagy, 2015), APLA-39 (Lo et al, 2015), and the 3rd International Conference on Heritage/Community Languages (Chan, 2018) for findings. 

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